Cùng A+ English khám phá danh sách kiến thức ngữ pháp lớp 10 các bạn nhé!
VERB TENSES
| Structure | Example | Your own sentence ( Student’s homework ) |
| time, S+ was+ between+…and+… | In 1970, 10% of the US population was between 10 and 19 | |
| S+ V+ percentage | japan consumes 15% of the world resources | |
| twice as…as | Class A has twice as many male students as class B | |
| Make up = account for | Male students make up 60% of the total student population in university |
PRESENT SIMPLE (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| I/ We/ You/ They + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). He/ She/ It + V (động từ thêm s/es) | I ride my bike every day. Betty always brushes her hair with it. |
| He/ She/ It + does not (doesn’t) + V (động từ nguyên mẫu) I/ You/ We/ They + do not (don’t) + V (động từ nguyên mẫu) | My grandmother doesn’t eat pizza at night. Her fingers don’t get cold. |
| Do + I/ we/ you/ they + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? Does + he/ she/ it + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? | Do you play video games in your classroom sometimes? Where does Kim have lunch? |
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + be (am/ is/ are) + V-ing. | The woman is cutting some bread. Dad and Daisy are talking about the noisy party last night. |
| S + be (am/ is/ are) + not + V-ing. | He isn’t eating pizza. They aren’t talking to their grandpa. |
| Be (Am/ Is/ Are) + S + V-ing? | Are you doing homework, Jack? |
PAST SIMPLE TENSE (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + V-ed/2 (động từ quá khứ thêm ed hoặc cột 2) | Sofia carried her school things in the bag. Her grandmother made the apple pie. |
| S + did not (didn’t) + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | He didn’t have to go to school last Monday. |
| Did + S + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? | Did he go to school yesterday? |
PAST CONTINUOUS (QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| We/ You/ They + were + V-ing. I/ He/ She/ It + was + V-ing. | They were practicing English at that time. Yesterday, Mr. Moore was working in the lab all the afternoon. |
| We/ You/ They + were not (weren’t) + V-ing. I/ He/ She/ It + was not (wasn’t not) + V-ing. | We weren’t speaking. He wasn’t speaking. |
| Were + we/ you/ they + V-ing? Was + I/ He/ She/ It + V-ing? | What were you doing from 3 p.m to 6 p.m yesterday? What was she doing when you saw her? |
PRESENT PERFECT (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| I/ We/ You/ They + have + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) He/ She/ It + has + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) | I have just seen my sister in the park. She has finished her homework recently. |
| I/ We/ You/ They + have not (haven’t) + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) He/ She/ It + has not (hasn’t) + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) | We haven’t gone to Hanoi. Mary hasn’t done her homework. |
| Have + I/ We/ You/ They + V3 (quá khứ phân từ)? Has + he/ she/ it + V3 (quá khứ phân từ)? | Have you ever been to America? Has he read that novel? |
BE GOING TO (TƯƠNG LAI GẦN)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + be (am/ is/ are) + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | I am going to speak. |
| S + be (am/ is/ are) + not + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | I am not going to speak. |
| Be (am/ is/ are) + S + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? | Are you going to speak? |
FUTURE SIMPLE (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + will + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | You will have an unusual train journey on Friday. |
| S + will not (won’t) + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | You won’t go sledding in the mountains. |
| Will + S + v (động từ nguyên mẫu)? | Will you visit your grandma next week? |
be used to (hành động đã trở nên quen thuộc): đã quen với
get used to: đã dần quen với
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + be used to / get used to + V – ing. | I am used to eating healthy food He got used to American food. |
Present perfect simple (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| (+) S + has/ have + V (quá khứ phân từ) (-) S + has/ have + not + V (quá khứ phân từ) (?) Have/ Has + S + V (quá khứ phân từ)? | (+) The scientist has won many prizes. (-) The students haven’t completed a project on the environment yet. (?) Have you finished your homework? |
Present perfect continuous (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| (+) S + has/ have + been + V-ing. (-) S + has/ have + not + been + V- ing. (?) Have/ Has + S + been + V-ing? | (+) We have been recycling for many years. (-) I haven’t been studying English for 5 years. (?) Has he been typing the report since this morning? |
Relative Clauses: (mệnh đề quan hệ)
+ defining: xác định (đề cập thông tin quan trọng của đối tượng được nói đến, khi bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ sẽ làm thay đổi ý nghĩa của cả câu.)
+ non-defining: không xác định (thông tin được bổ sung thêm không quan trọng, khi bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ vẫn không làm thay đổi ý nghĩa của cả câu. Các mệnh đề được ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| Thời gian + when | My grandparents remember the day when they first met. |
| Nơi chốn + where | That’s the shop where my neighbor works. |
| Vật + which / that | Did you like the poster which/ that I bought to you? |
| Người + who / that | I think people who/ that speak three languages are clever. |
| Người + whose | Is that the man whose dog saved the little girl? |
Temporals (liên từ thời gian)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| Main clause + when/ until/ the moment/ as soon as/ before/ after/ by the time + clause (simple tense) | Michael will call as soon as he has any news. When we go to Italy, we’ll visit our cousins. |
Be going to: sẽ (kế hoạch trong tương lai, có thời gian cụ thể)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + am/ is/ are + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu) | I am going to take a Math exam next week. |
| S + am/ is/ are + not + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | He is not going to swim at the beach this summer. |
| (Wh- question) + am/is/are + S + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? | What are they going to do this weekend? |
Future simple tense (thì tương lai đơn, dự đoán hoặc quyết định làm gì ngay lúc nói)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + will + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | I will get a taxi. |
| S + will + not + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | He will not (won’t) help me. |
| Will + S + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? | Will you buy a drink? |
Conditionals: zero & first (Câu điều kiện loại 0 và 1)
Câu điều kiện loại 0: diễn tả sự thật hiển nhiên ở hiện tại hoặc quá khứ.
Câu điều kiện loại 1: diễn tả điều có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| If (how/when) + present simple, present simple/ present perfect. | If you have a phone, you don’t need a camera. |
| If (how/ when) + present simple, future simple | If you go camping, you will need a tent. |
Second conditional (điều kiện loại 2: diễn tả điều không thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| If + past simple, I + would + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | If I won Wimbledon, I’d be famous. |
Past perfect simple (Quá khứ hoàn thành)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + had + V (quá khứ phân từ) S + hadn’t (had not) + V (quá khứ phân từ). Had + S + V (quá khứ phân từ)? | I had spoken. I had not spoken. Had I spoken? |
Past perfect continuous (Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + had been + V- ing. S + hadn’t been + V- ing. Had + S + been + V- ing? | He had been talking. He had not been talking. Had he been talking? |
Question Tags (câu hỏi đuôi)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + special verb….., special verb + not + S? | You are a student, aren’t you? She has just bought a new bicycle, hasn’t she? |
| S + special verb + not….., special verb + S? | He didn’t come here, did he? They hadn’t met you before, had they? |
| S + modal verb ……………. , modal verb + not + S? | He can speak English, can’t he? |
| S + modal verb + not …………… , modal verb + S? | Sue won’t go to school this afternoon, will she? |
Modals (động từ khiếm khuyết) & Semi Modal (động từ bán khiếm khuyết)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + could/ may/ might/ must/ can’t + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). việc nào đó chắc chắn xảy ra/ không xảy ra. | Harry could be in the library. I may travel abroad next year. |
| S + can/ could/ be able to + V. có thể (làm gì) | She has to go to the supermarket. You need to go to bed earlier. |
| S + should/ shouldn’t/ ought to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). lời khuyên | You should eat more fruit and vegetables. |
Modals & Semi modals
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + can, could, may + V (động từ nguyên mẫu): yêu cầu, đề nghị | Can I go to the party, please? Could you get me a glass of water, please? |
| S + must/mustn’t/ have to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu): bắt buộc | I must make some snacks for the party. You have to be at the sports club by 7 o’clock. |
| S + needn’t/ not have to+ V (động từ nguyên mẫu): không cần thiết phải làm | You needn’t buy any milk because there’s some in the fridge. You don’t have to go to the festival if you don’t want to. |
Passive voice (câu bị động)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + (have/has/ had/will) + tobe + V (quá khứ phân từ) + (by/ with + O). | Cameras are used in shops to help prevent crime. |
| by + the agent | The new worker will be shown around the factory by the manager. |
| with + tool/ material | The computer has been cleaned with a special brush. |
Passive voice (câu bị động): Gerunds, Infinitives & Modal Verbs
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S+V1 + being + V2 (quá khứ phân từ). | I imagine being watched by cameras are not relevant. |
| S+V1 + to be + V2 (quá khứ phân từ) | The scientist decided to be involved in the project. |
| S + modal verbs + be + V (quá khứ phân từ) | The public should be told about the dangers of mobile phones. |
Reported Speech: Statements (câu tường thuật)
| Trực tiếp | Gián tiếp | Example (Ví dụ) |
| Hiện tại đơn | Quá khứ đơn | I like ice cream. she said that she liked ice cream |
| Hiện tại tiếp diễn | Quá khứ tiếp diễn | I am living in London. She said (that) she was living in London. |
| Quá khứ đơn | Quá khứ hoàn thành | I bought a car. She said that she had bought a car |
| Hiện tại hoàn thành | I haven’t seen Julie. She said that she hadn’t seen Julie | |
| Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn | Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn | I was walking along the street. She said (that) she had been walking along the street. |
| Quá khứ tiếp diễn | ||
| Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn | ||
| Going to | was/ were going to | I am going to do the final exam next week. She said that she was going to do the final exam the following |
| Will | Conditional 1 | I will see you later.She said that she would see me later |
| Modal verbs | Doesn’t change | I should call your mother. She said that she should call her mother |
| Today | that day | I am happy today. He said (that) he was happy that day. |
| now | Then | |
| yesterday | the day before | I visited New York yesterday. He said (that) he had visited New York the day before. |
| …days ago | …days before |
| last week | the week before | ‘I went to a great concert last week,’ Kathy said. Kathy said (that) she had been to a great concert the week before. |
| next year | the following year | |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day | |
| here | There | I’ve lived here for a long time.he said that he had lived there for along time |
| this | That | I bought this book in the bookstore. He said (that) he had bought that book in the bookstore. |
| these | those |
Reported Speech: Questions, Commands & Requests (câu hỏi, câu đề nghị tường thuật)
| Trực tiếp | Gián tiếp | Example (Ví dụ) |
| động từ + S + V? Yes/ No- question + S + V? | Wh-question + trợ …wh-question + S + (trợ động từ) + V (động từ lùi 1 thì so với câu trực tiếp) …whether/ if S + V (động từ lùi 1 thì so với câu trực tiếp) | “Why don’t you speak English?’’He asked me why I didn’t speak English “Do you speak English?’’ He asked me whether/ if I spoke English. |
| Câu mệnh lệnh | …to V… …not to V… | “Nancy, do the exercise.’’ He told Nancy to do her exerciseTeacher: “Don’t talk to your friend.’’ The teacher told me not to talk to my friend. |
Causative (ai đó làm dịch vụ gì cho chúng ta)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + had/ have/ has + O + V (quá khứ phân từ) | The student will have his essay checked. |
Gerunds (động từ thêm – ing)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| Giới từ + V-ing | John is interested in studying biology. |
| Avoid/ worth/ love/ enjoy/ can’t help/ can’t afford/… V-ing…. | The teacher avoids shouting at students. |
| …spend…. + V-ing…. | Teachers and children spend time in nature looking for some things. |
Infinitives (động từ thêm to)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| Mô tả mục đích | They went to the exhibition to see the latest. |
| Theo sau các tính từ: afraid, scared, happy, glad, sad,… | Jenny was very happy to finish university this year. |
| Cấu trúc …too/ enough…to… | He was too busy to go out. |
| Sau một số động từ và cụm từ | James wants to become an engineer. |
Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs: so sánh của tính từ và trạng từ
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| So sánh nhất: the + most + long adj/ adv the + short adj + est | Grandad’s moustache is the longest I have ever seen. |
| So sánh hơn: more + long adj/ adv + than short adj + er + than | Paul’s feet are bigger than his father’s feet. |
| So sánh bằng/ không bằng: (not) + as/ so + adj/ adv + as | Lucy can run as fast as Beth. My brother isn’t as tall as Dad. |
MẪU CÂU NÓI
| Examiner does this | Answer |
| How easy is it to find a place to live in your country? Do you think it’s better to rent or to buy a place to live in? Why? Do you agree that there is a right age for young adults to stop living with their parents? Why is that? | |
| Where do you come from? Can you describe your hometown? Do you know something about the history of your home town? What is the weather like there? Are there any interesting places I can visit?What do you miss the most about your hometown? Can you compare your hometown with big modern cities like Beijing? | |
| What do you major in? What subject do you study? Why did you choose this subject? What do you find most difficult in your studies? What do you find most interesting in your studies? What would you like to do after graduation? | |
| What are the special days celebrated in your country? Which is your favourite and why? What do you think is the most important festival in your country? In what way do people celebrate the festival? Do people prepare any special food for the occasion? Which do people prefer, to spend it with family or with friends? How did people celebrate the festival in the past?How has the way been changed and why? Do you think that it is important to have festivals? | |
| How do you normally arrange your weekends? How do you spend your spare time? Do you have any hobbies? How did you become interested in that?How much time do you spend on that? Do you prefer relaxing at home or going out in the evening? When you go out for the evening, what do you like to do? Is there any kind of entertainment you dislike? Why do you think that people have hobbies |
Qua danh sách ngữ pháp lớp 10, A+ English mong các bạn sẽ chuẩn bị thật tốt cho kì thi của mình.
