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DANH SÁCH NGỮ PHÁP
PRESENT SIMPLE (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| I/ We/ You/ They + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). He/ She/ It + V (động từ thêm s/es) | I ride my bike every day. Betty always brushes her hair with it. |
| He/ She/ It + does not (doesn’t) + V (động từ nguyên mẫu) I/ You/ We/ They + do not (don’t) + V (động từ nguyên mẫu) | My grandmother doesn’t eat pizza at night. Her fingers don’t get cold. |
| Do + I/ we/ you/ they + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? Does + he/ she/ it + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? | Do you play video games in your classroom sometimes? Where does Kim have lunch? |
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + be (am/ is/ are) + V-ing. | The woman is cutting some bread. Dad and Daisy are talking about the noisy party last night. |
| S + be (am/ is/ are) + not + V-ing. He | isn’t eating pizza. They aren’t talking to their grandpa. |
| Be (Am/ Is/ Are) + S + V-ing? | Are you doing homework, Jack? |
PAST SIMPLE TENSE (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + V-ed/2 (động từ quá khứ thêm ed hoặc cột 2) | Sofia carried her school things in the bag. Her grandmother made the apple pie. |
| S + did not (didn’t) + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | He didn’t have to go to school last Monday. |
| Did + S + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? | Did he go to school yesterday? |
PAST CONTINUOUS (QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| We/ You/ They + were + V-ing. I/ He/ She/ It + was + V-ing. | They were practicing English at that time. Yesterday, Mr. Moore was working in the lab all afternoon. |
| We/ You/ They + were not (weren’t) + V-ing. I/ He/ She/ It + was not (wasn’t)+V ing | We weren’t speaking. He wasn’t speaking. |
| Were + we/ you/ they + V-ing? Was + I/ He/ She/ It + V-ing? | What were you doing from 3 p.m to 6 p.m yesterday? What was she doing when you saw her? |
PRESENT PERFECT (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)
| I/ We/ You/ They + have + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) He/ She/ It + has + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) | I have just seen my sister in the park. She has finished her homework recently. |
| I/ We/ You/ They + have not (haven’t) + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) He/ She/ It + has not (hasn’t) + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) | We haven’t gone to Hanoi. Mary hasn’t done her homework. |
| Have + I/ We/ You/ They + V3 (quá khứ phân từ)? Has + he/ she/ it + V3 (quá khứ phân từ)? | Have you ever been to America? Has he read that novel? |
BE GOING TO (TƯƠNG LAI GẦN)
| S + be (am/ is/ are) + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | I am going to speak |
| S + be (am/ is/ are) + not + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | I am not going to speak |
| Be (am/ is/ are) + S + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? | Are you going to speak? |
FUTURE SIMPLE (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + will + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | You will have an unusual train journey on Friday. |
| S + will not (won’t) + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). | You won’t go sledding in the mountains. |
| Will + S + v (động từ nguyên mẫu)? | Will you visit your grandma next week? |
ADJECTIVES: COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE (Tính từ: so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| So sánh nhất (superlative) – the + most + long adj – the + short adj + est | Linh is the most intelligent student in my class. Grandad’s moustache is the longest I have ever seen. |
| So sánh hơn (comparative) – more + long adj + than – short adj + er + than | Lara is more beautiful than her older sister. Paul’s feet are bigger than his father’s feet. |
Special (Đặc biệt):
| Adjective (Tính từ) | Comparative (So sánh hơn) | Superlative (So sánh nhất) |
| good | better | the best |
| bad | worse | the worst |
| far | farther/further | the farthest/ furthest |
ADVERBS (Trạng từ)
1. Adverbs of frequency (trạng từ chỉ tần suất)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) Never: không bao giờ Sometimes: thỉnh thoảng Often/ Usually: thƣờng xuyên Always: luôn luôn | Example (Ví dụ) |
| He never goes skiing. | |
| I sometimes go to the library. | |
| I usually go to school five days a week. | |
| I always do my homework before going to school | |
| Every day/week/month/year: mỗi ngày/mỗi tuần/mỗi tháng/ mỗi năm | I go to school by bike everyday. |
| Once/ twice/ three times…: 1 lần/ 2 lần/ 3 lần | I go to the cinema twice a week. |
2. Adverbs of manner (trạng từ chỉ cách thức)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| Adj + LY (Tính từ + LY) | Slow => slowly Quiet => quietly Angry => angrily Bad => badly Dangerous => dangerously ∙ Notice (chú ý ): – Fast => fast – Good => well |
3. Adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| Here: ở đây | My book is here. |
| There: ở kia | My friend is over there. |
| Everywhere: ở mọi nơi | I have friends everywhere. |
| Inside: bên trong | My pencil is inside the box. |
| Outside: bên ngoài | My cat is outside the box. |
| Upstairs: trên lầu | My mom is going upstairs. |
| Downstairs: dưới lầu | I am going downstairs. |
CLAUSES (mệnh đề)
Relative clauses (mệnh đề quan hệ)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| Thời gian + when | My grandparents remember the day when they first met. |
| Nơi chốn + where | That’s the shop where my neighbor works. |
| Vật + which / that | Did you like the poster which/ that I bought to you? |
| Người + who / that | I think people who/ that speak three languages are clever. |
| Người + whose | Is that the man whose dog saved the little girl? |
CONJUNCTIONS (Từ nối)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| And: và | I did my homework nicely and carefully |
| But: nhương | I like watching football, but I don’t like playing football. |
| Or: hoặc | Do you like apples or oranges? |
| So: vì vậy | I’m sick so I’m not going to school. |
| After: sau đó | I do homework after finishing my dinner. |
| Before: trước đó | I eat breakfast before I go to school. |
| Because: bởi vì | I’m late because I missed the bus. |
| If: nếu | If you’re healthy, you have a lot of energy. |
| When: khi | When I go home, I will play with my sister. |
| Until: đến khi | I will study until 7 o’clock. |
| While: trong khi | I’m playing video games while my mom’s cooking. |
DETERMINERS (Từ hạn định)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) | |
| Articles | ||
| The | I like the red umbrella. | |
| a/ an | This is a pencil case. That is an umbrella. | |
| Possessive adjectives | ||
| My: của tôi | This is my table. | |
| Your: của bạn | This is your notebook. | |
| His: của anh ấy | This is his jacket. | |
| Her: của cô ấy | This is her dress. | |
| Their: của họ | This is their notebooks. | |
| Our: của chúng tôi | This is our bed. | |
| Its: của nó | It’s its wings. | |
| Demonstrative | ||
| This: cái này (số ít) | This is an apple. | |
| That: cái kia (số ít) | That is an orange. | |
| These: những cái này (số nhiều) | These are apples. | |
| Those: những cái kia (số nhiều) | Those are oranges. |
PREPOSITIONS (Giới từ)
Prepositions of place (giới từ chỉ nơi chốn)
| Structure (cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| In: ở trong | The cat is in the box. |
| On: ở trên | The book is on the table. |
| Under: ở dƣới | The pen is under the chair. |
| Next to/besides/by/near: bên cạnh | My house is next to her house. |
| At: ở | I meet het at the door. |
| Between: ở giữa | I sit between Mike and Tommy. |
| Behind: phía sau | I’m standing behind the wall. |
| In front of: phía trước | I’m sitting in front of the café. |
| Below: ở dƣới (thấp hơn) | The picture is below the light. |
| Above: ở trên (cao hơn) | The light is above the picture. |
| Through: xuyên qua | I can see through the window. |
| Across: ngang qua | I walk across the road. |
| From…to…: từ…đến… | I walk from home to school. |
| Towards: về phía trước | I walk towards you. |
Prepositions of time (giới từ chỉ thời gian)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| At: dùng cho thời gian và “night” (at night). | I go to school at 7 o’clock. I don’t stay up late at night. |
| In: dùng cho năm, tháng, mùa, tuần, buổi. | I was born in 2000. My birthday is in May. I usually go swimming in the summer. I always eat breakfast in the morning. |
| On: dùng cho ngày, các ngày trong tuần | I don’t go to school on Sunday. My birthday is on 8th, November,2003. |
PRONOUNS (Đại từ)
| structure( cấu trúc) | example(ví dụ) |
| Anybody/anyone: bất kỳ ai | I won’t talk to anyone. |
| Anything: bất kỳ cái gì | I don’t need anything. |
| Each: mỗi | Each student must do the homework. |
| Everybody/everyone: mọi ngƣời | Everybody loves him. |
| Everything: mọi thứ | Everything is so perfect. |
| Somebody/someone: ai đó | Somebody is knocking the door. |
| Something: một cái gì đó | Something is under my feet. |
Reflexive pronouns (Đại từ phản thân)
| Myself: bản thân tôi | I love myself. |
| Yourself: bản thân bạn | Do it for yourself. |
| Himself: bản thân anh ấy | He only cares about himself. |
| Herself: bản thân cô ấy | She takes a very good care of herself. |
| Themselves: bản thân họ | They do it for themselves. |
| Ourselves: bản thân chúng tôi | We bought the car for ourselves. |
| Itself: bản thân nó | It’s beautiful itself. |
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| What Where When + tobe/do/does/did + S + V? Why How Which | What is your name? Where do you live? When did you go to school? Why does she cry? How much does she want? Which pencil do you like? |
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi với câu trả lời ngắn)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| Am/Is/Are + S + Verb/Noun/Adj? | Are you a student? Is she beautiful? Am I in the right place? |
| Do/Does/Did + S + V (nguyên mẫu )? | Do you go to school? Does he work in the evening? Did you do your homework? |
| Have/Has + S + ever + V(pp)? | Have you ever been to the USA? Has she finished her job? |
TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| S + special verb…, special verb + not +S? | You are a student, aren’t you? She has just bought a new bicycle, hasn’t she? |
| S + special verb + not…., special verb +S? | He didn’t come here, did he? They hadn’t met you before, had they? |
| S + modal verb…, modal verb + not +S? | He can speak English, can’t he? |
| S + modal verb + not……, modal verb+S | Sue won’t go to school this afternoon, will she? |
MODAL VERBS (Động từ khiếm khuyết)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| Can/could: có thể (khả năng) Can’t/couldn’t: không thể | He can swim and play basketball. |
| May/might: có thể May not/might not: không thể | It may rain tomorrow. |
| Shall: nên Shall not: không nên | Shall I go to the supermarket? I should go home. |
| Should: nên Shouldn’t: không nên | |
| Must: phải Mustn’t: không đƣợc phép | You must finish the homework. |
OTHER VERB FORMS (Các dạng khác của động từ)
VERB + ING
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| Giới từ + V-ing | John is interested in studying biology. |
| Avoid/ worth/ love/ enjoy/ can’t help/ can’t afford/… V-ing…. | The teacher avoids shouting at students. |
| …spend…. + V-ing…. | Teachers and children spend time looking for some things in nature. |
TO – INFINITE
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| Mô tả mục đích | they went to the exhibition to see the latest |
| theo sau các tính từ : afraid, scared, happy, glad, sad | jenny was very happy to finish university this year |
| cấu trúc….too/ enough…to… | he was too busy to go out |
| sau 1 số động từ: want, hope, like, promise | he promised to help me |
VERB + TO INFINITIVE
| Afford | Demand | Like | Pretend |
| Agree | Fail | Love | Promise |
| Arrange | Forget | Manage | Refuse |
| Ask | Hate | Mean | Remember |
| Begin | Help | Need | Start |
| Choose | Hope | Offer | Try |
| Continue | Intend | Plan | Want |
| Decide | Learn | Prefer |
VERB-ING AS A NOUN
Ví dụ: For example:
Playing football is interesting.
Cooking is very fun.
Chatting is a waste of time.
SUGGESTIONS (Câu đề nghị)
| Structure (Cấu trúc) | Example (Ví dụ) |
| How/what about + V-ing? | How about going to the theater? |
| Would you like to + V? | Would you like to come for dinner? |
| Why don’t we + V? | Why don’t we find another bookstore? |
| Shall we +V? | Shall we agree with him? |
| Let’s + V? | Let’s play volleyball. |
Qua danh sách ngữ pháp Flyers. A+ English mong các bạn sẽ chuẩn bị tốt cho kì thi của mình!
